1. Consider the following statements:
1. When SO2 is released into the atmosphere, it usually reacts with oxygen to produce ammonium sulfate.
2. Exposure to PM2.5 can lead to chronic diseases.
3. Direct exposure to high levels of SO2 can increase the risk of heart attacks.
4. Carbon monoxide contributes to the formation of acid rain.
2. Exposure to PM2.5 can lead to chronic diseases.
3. Direct exposure to high levels of SO2 can increase the risk of heart attacks.
4. Carbon monoxide contributes to the formation of acid rain.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: (b) Only two
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is incorrect because SO2 primarily produces Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). Statement 4 is incorrect as Carbon Monoxide (CO) does not cause acid rain.
2. Consider the following statements regarding India's energy sector:
1. India aims to install 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based electricity capacity by 2040.
2. Presently, India has more than 10 operating nuclear reactors.
3. In 2024, almost 10 GW of renewable energy was installed in India, which was less than in 2023.
2. Presently, India has more than 10 operating nuclear reactors.
3. In 2024, almost 10 GW of renewable energy was installed in India, which was less than in 2023.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: (b) 2 only
Statement 1 is incorrect (Target is 2030). Statement 2 is correct (24 reactors). Statement 3 is incorrect as 2024 saw record-high installations compared to 2023.
3. Karewa formations are associated with:
Correct Answer: (d) Kashmir Valley
Karewas are glacial deposits in the Kashmir Valley essential for Saffron (Zafran) cultivation.
4. With reference to the proposed Etalin hydel project in Dibang valley, consider the following statements:
1. It has been proposed as a run-of-the-river project on the Dri and Talo rivers.
2. The project will be constructed in Assam.
3. The project is based on the Teesta River.
2. The project will be constructed in Assam.
3. The project is based on the Teesta River.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: (a) Only one
Only Statement 1 is correct. The project is located in Arunachal Pradesh (not Assam) on the Dibang River system (not Teesta).
5. With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), consider:
1. The scheme was launched by the Ministry in 2016.
2. The scheme focuses on enhancing aquaculture productivity and improving fisheries management.
2. The scheme focuses on enhancing aquaculture productivity and improving fisheries management.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (b) 2 only
PMMSY was launched in May 2020, not 2016.
6. With reference to the UNFCCC secretariat, consider:
1. It is currently located in Geneva, Switzerland.
2. It supports implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement.
3. It maintains the registry for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
4. It only works with governments.
2. It supports implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement.
3. It maintains the registry for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
4. It only works with governments.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only
The secretariat is located in Bonn, Germany. It engages with both governments and non-Party stakeholders.
7. With reference to biostimulants in agriculture, consider:
1. They provide essential NPK nutrients directly to crops.
2. They help improve plant growth and stress tolerance.
3. They are regulated under the Fertiliser (Control) Order, 1985.
2. They help improve plant growth and stress tolerance.
3. They are regulated under the Fertiliser (Control) Order, 1985.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Biostimulants do not provide NPK directly; they trigger biological processes to improve nutrient efficiency.
8. Who received the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement in 2025?
Correct Answer: (c) Sandra Díaz and Eduardo Brondízio
The 2025 prize honored Sandra Díaz and Eduardo Brondízio for their work on the global assessment of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
9. With reference to the Great Indian Bustard (GIB), consider:
1. It is a key indicator species of the grassland habitat.
2. It is classified as vulnerable.
3. A committee was set up to balance conservation with renewable energy infrastructure.
4. Its population has increased recently.
2. It is classified as vulnerable.
3. A committee was set up to balance conservation with renewable energy infrastructure.
4. Its population has increased recently.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: (b) Only two
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The GIB is Critically Endangered (not vulnerable) and its population is in decline.
10. With reference to Kaziranga, consider:
1. It has the highest tiger density in the world.
2. The first-ever grassland bird census was held there.
3. It hosts the world's largest population of one-horned rhinos.
4. It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2021.
2. The first-ever grassland bird census was held there.
3. It hosts the world's largest population of one-horned rhinos.
4. It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2021.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct Answer: (b) Only two
Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Tiger density is high but not the highest globally. It was inscribed by UNESCO in 1985.
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