iN SHORT CURRENT AFFAIRS
Lalit Kumar Jain v. Union of India
●A Supreme Court Bench delivered the judgment on petitions challenging a notification dated November 15, 2019, enforcing certain provisions of the IBC relating to insolvency of personal guarantors.
●Lenders can initiate insolvency proceedings against promoters, managing directors and chairpersons who have signed personal guarantees on corporate loans in case the borrowers default, the Supreme Court ruled.
●The apex court on Friday upheld the central government’s November 2019 notification issued under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) as “legal and valid"
●The ruling means if the debt owed by a company is not repaid under the resolution plan, the personal guarantor would not only not stand discharged but could find himself taken into bankruptcy proceedings by the creditors.
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Dongria Kondh
●The Dongria Kondh tribe inspired millions when they won a ‘David and Goliath’ battle against mining giant Vedanta Resources.
●The tribe vowed to save their Niyamgiri Hills, Odisha and their self-sufficient way of life.
●They are Particularly Vulnerable Tribal groups (PVTGs) of odisha.
●The recognized PVTGs in Odisha are:
Birhor, Bondo, Chuktia Bhunjia, Didayi, Juang, Kharia, Dongria Khond, Kutia Khond, Lanjia Saora, Lodha, Mankidia, Paudi Bhuyan, Saora.
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Raja Ram Mohan Roy
●Raja Ram Mohan Roy 'Father of the Indian Renaissance', is known for his efforts to abolish the practice of Child Marriage and Sati pratha in India.
●He was the founder of Brahmo Samaj, a social-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent, in 1828.
● Ram Mohan has bestowed the title of 'Raja' by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor.
●Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an expert in languages like English, Hindi, Sanskrit, Bengali, Arabic and Persian.
●He formed an association named Atmiya Sabha to translate Upnishads and has translated it into English, Hindi and Bengali.
●Roy went to England to lobby against overturning the ban of Sati system in India.
●India’s first English medium school was started by him in 1816.
●He also launched the first Bengali language weekly newspaper, which was the first newspaper in Indian language.
● Roy published the journal Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian in 1822 and founded the newspaper Sambad Koumudi, which helped people in forming opinions about the issues affecting their daily life in British India.
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Cell based Immunity
●Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies.
●It is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
●Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily microbes that survive in phagocytes and microbes that infect non-phagocytic cells.
●It is most effective in destroying virus-infected cells, intracellular bacteria, and cancers.
●Cell-mediated immunity is primarily driven by mature T cells, macrophages, and the release of cytokines in response to an antigen.
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